Section ⅠUse of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Scientists and philosophers of science tend to speak as if “scientific language” were intrinsically precise, as if those who use it must understand one anothers meaning, 1 they disagree. But, 2, scientific language is not as different from 3 language as is commonly believed; it, too, is 4 to imprecision and ambiguity and hence to 5 understanding. Moreover, new theories (or arguments) are rarely, 6, constructed by way of clearcut steps of induction, deduction, and 7 (or falsification)。 Neither are they defended, rejected, or accepted in 8 straight forward a manner. 9, scientists combine the rules of scientific 10 with a generous mixture of intuition, aesthetics, and philosophical 11. The importance of what are sometimes called extralogical components of thought in the discovery of a new principle or laws is generally 12. We 13 recall Einsteins description: “To these elementary laws there leads no logical path, 14 intuition, supported by being sympathetically in 15 with experience.” But the role of these extralogical components in persuasion and acceptance (in making an argument 16) is less frequently discussed, partly because they are less 17. The ways in which the credibility or effectiveness of a 18 depends on a realm of common experiences, on extensive practice in communicating those experiences in a common language, are hard to see precisely because such 19 are taken for granted. Only when we step out of such a “consensual domain”— when we can stand out on the periphery of a 20 with a common language.［255 Words］
1［A］ even if［B］ unless［C］ though［D］ if
2［A］ in question［B］ in relief［C］ in fact［D］ in prospect
3［A］ standard［B］ popular［C］ vulgar［D］ ordinary
4［A］ susceptible［B］ subject［C］ immune［D］ related
5［A］ imperfect［B］ perfect［C］ impersonal［D］ personal
6［A］ if so［B］ if not all［C］ if ever［D］ if any
7［A］ verge［B］ verification［C］ justice［D］ certainty
8［A］ so［B］ such［C］ too［D］ very
9［A］ In brief［B］ In advance［C］ In practice［D］ In company
10［A］ psychology［B］ methodology［C］ archaeology［D］ theology
11［A］ community［B］ communication［C］ committee［D］ commitment
12［A］ acknowledged［B］ confessed［C］ abandoned［D］ refined
13［A］ may［B］ ought to［C］ were to［D］ would
14［A］ but rather［B］ no more than［C］ but only［D］ less more than
15［A］ pursuit［B］ touch［C］ proportion［D］ terms
16［A］ convincing［B］ wordy［C］ ensured［D］ unreasonable
17［A］ visual［B］ informed［C］ imaginative［D］ visible
18［A］ statement［B］ argument［C］ assertion［D］ style
19［A］ commodities［B］ commons［C］ commonalities［D］ commonwealth
20［A］ community［B］ person［C］ country［D］ nation
